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Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Carole Escartin ¹ Elena Galea ^{2, 3} András Lakatos ⁴ James O’callaghan ⁵ Gabor Petzold ^{6, 7} Alberto Serrano-Pozo ^{8, 7} Christian Steinhäuser ⁹ Andrea Volterra ¹⁰ Giorgio Carmignoto ^{11, 12} Amit Agarwal ¹³ Nicola Allen ¹⁴ Alfonso Araque ¹⁵ Luis Barbeito ¹⁶ Ari Barzilai ¹⁷ Dwight Bergles ¹⁸ Gilles Bonvento ¹ Arthur Butt ¹⁹ Wei-Ting Chen ²⁰ Martine Cohen-Salmon ²¹ Colm Cunningham ²² Benjamin Deneen ²³ Bart de Strooper ^{20, 24} Blanca Díaz-Castro ²⁵ Cinthia Farina ²⁶ Marc Freeman ²⁷ Vittorio Gallo ²⁸ James Goldman ²⁹ Steven Goldman ^{30, 31} Magdalena Götz ^{32, 33} Antonia Gutiérrez ^{34, 35} Philip Haydon ³⁶ Dieter Heiland ³⁷ Elly Hol ³⁸ Matthew Holt ²⁰ Masamitsu Iino ³⁹ Ksenia Kastanenka Helmut Kettenmann ⁴⁰ Baljit Khakh ⁴¹ Schuichi Koizumi ⁴² C. Justin Lee ⁴³ Shane Liddelow ⁴⁴ Brian Macvicar ⁴⁵ Pierre Magistretti ^{46, 10} Albee Messing ⁴⁷ Anusha Mishra ⁴⁸ Anna Molofsky ⁴⁹ Keith Murai ⁵⁰ Christopher Norris ⁵¹ Seiji Okada ⁵² Stéphane Oliet ⁵³ João Oliveira ^{54, 55, 56} Aude Panatier ⁵³ Vladimir Parpura ⁵⁷ Marcela Pekna ⁵⁸ Milos Pekny ⁵⁸ Luc Pellerin ⁵⁹ Gertrudis Perea ⁶⁰ Beatriz Pérez-Nievas ⁶¹ Frank Pfrieger ⁶² Kira Poskanzer ⁴⁹ Francisco Quintana ⁶³ Richard Ransohoff ⁶⁴ Miriam Riquelme-Perez ¹ Stefanie Robel Christine Rose ⁶⁵ Jeffrey Rothstein ¹⁸ Nathalie Rouach ²¹ David Rowitch Alexey Semyanov ^{66, 67} Swetlana Sirko ^{68, 69} Harald Sontheimer Raymond Swanson ⁴⁹ Javier Vitorica ^{35, 70} Ina-Beate Wanner ⁴¹ Levi Wood ⁷¹ Jiaqian Wu ⁷² Binhai Zheng ⁷³ Eduardo Zimmer ⁷⁴ Robert Zorec ⁷⁵ Michael Sofroniew ⁷⁶ Alexei Verkhratsky ^{77, 78}

1 MIRCEN - Service MIRCEN

2 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

3 Department of Experimental and Health Sciences - ICREA Infection Biology Laboratory

4 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]

5 NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Morgantown, WV, USA]

6 DZNE - German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen

7 University Hospital Bonn

8 Massachusetts General Hospital [Charlestown, MA, États-Unis]

9 University of Bonn

10 UNIL - Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne

11 Italian National Research Council [Padova, Italy]

12 Universita degli Studi di Padova

13 Heidelberg University

14 The Salk Institute for Biological Studies

15 University of Minnesota [MN, USA]

16 Institut Pasteur de Montevideo

17 Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv]

18 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]

19 University of Portsmouth

20 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven

21 CIRB - Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie

22 Trinity College Dublin

23 BCM - Baylor College of Medicine

24 UCL - University College of London [London]

25 University of Edinburgh

26 San Raffaele Scientific Institute

27 Vollum Institute

28 National Children's Hospital

29 Columbia University [New York]

30 URMC - University of Rochester Medical Center

31 UCPH - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet

32 Ludwig Maximilians Universitaet

33 SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology

34 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]

35 CIBERNED - Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas

36 Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston]

37 University of Freiburg [Freiburg]

38 Utrecht University [Utrecht]

39 Nihon University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan]

40 MDC - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin]

41 David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles]

42 Yamanashi University

43 IBS - Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon]

44 NYU - New York University School of Medicine

45 UBC - University of British Columbia

46 KAUST - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

47 University of Wisconsin-Madison

48 OHSU - Oregon Health and Science University [Portland]

49 UCSF - University of California [San Francisco]

50 MUHC - McGill University Health Center [Montreal]

51 University of Kentucky

52 Kyushu University [Fukuoka]

53 U1215 Inserm - UB - Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale

54 University of Minho [Braga]

55 ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory [Braga, Portugal]

56 Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave

57 UAB - University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham]

58 GU - University of Gothenburg

59 IRTOMIT - Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d’Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques

60 Cajal Institute

61 King‘s College London

62 INCI - Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives

63 BWH - Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston]

64 Third Rock Ventures

65 Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]

66 IBCh RAS - Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry

67 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

68 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich]

69 Institute for Stem Cell Research [Neuherberg]

70 Universidad de Sevilla

71 Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]

72 UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

73 UC San Diego School of Medicine

74 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]

75 University of Ljubljana

76 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]

77 University of Manchester [Manchester]

78 Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science

Abstract : Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.

Document type :

Journal articles

Domain :

Life Sciences [q-bio]

Complete list of metadata

https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03372664
Contributor : Stephane Oliet Connect in order to contact the contributor
Submitted on : Monday, October 11, 2021 - 8:45:35 AM
Last modification on : Thursday, September 1, 2022 - 8:44:06 AM