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Journal articles

Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Carole Escartin 1 Elena Galea 2, 3 András Lakatos 4 James O’callaghan 5 Gabor Petzold 6, 7 Alberto Serrano-Pozo 8, 7 Christian Steinhäuser 9 Andrea Volterra 10 Giorgio Carmignoto 11, 12 Amit Agarwal 13 Nicola Allen 14 Alfonso Araque 15 Luis Barbeito 16 Ari Barzilai 17 Dwight Bergles 18 Gilles Bonvento 1 Arthur Butt 19 Wei-Ting Chen 20 Martine Cohen-Salmon 21 Colm Cunningham 22 Benjamin Deneen 23 Bart de Strooper 20, 24 Blanca Díaz-Castro 25 Cinthia Farina 26 Marc Freeman 27 Vittorio Gallo 28 James Goldman 29 Steven Goldman 30, 31 Magdalena Götz 32, 33 Antonia Gutiérrez 34, 35 Philip Haydon 36 Dieter Heiland 37 Elly Hol 38 Matthew Holt 39 Masamitsu Iino 40 Ksenia Kastanenka Helmut Kettenmann 41 Baljit Khakh 42 Schuichi Koizumi 43 C. Justin Lee 44 Shane Liddelow 45 Brian Macvicar 46 Pierre Magistretti 47, 10 Albee Messing 48 Anusha Mishra 49 Anna Molofsky 50 Keith Murai 51 Christopher Norris 52 Seiji Okada 53 Stéphane Oliet 54 João Oliveira 55, 56, 57 Aude Panatier 54 Vladimir Parpura 58 Marcela Pekna 59 Milos Pekny 59 Luc Pellerin 60 Gertrudis Perea 61 Beatriz Pérez-Nievas 62 Frank Pfrieger 63 Kira Poskanzer 50 Francisco Quintana 64 Richard Ransohoff 65 Miriam Riquelme-Perez 1 Stefanie Robel Christine Rose 66 Jeffrey Rothstein 18 Nathalie Rouach 21 David Rowitch Alexey Semyanov 67, 68 Swetlana Sirko 69, 70 Harald Sontheimer Raymond Swanson 50 Javier Vitorica 35, 71 Ina-Beate Wanner 42 Levi Wood 72 Jiaqian Wu 73 Binhai Zheng 74 Eduardo Zimmer 75 Robert Zorec 76 Michael Sofroniew 77 Alexei Verkhratsky 78, 79
1 MIRCEN - Service MIRCEN
2 UAB - Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
3 Department of Experimental and Health Sciences - ICREA Infection Biology Laboratory
4 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
5 NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [Morgantown, WV, USA]
6 DZNE - German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen
7 University Hospital Bonn
8 Massachusetts General Hospital [Charlestown, MA, États-Unis]
9 University of Bonn
10 UNIL - University of Lausanne
11 Italian National Research Council [Padova, Italy]
12 Universita degli Studi di Padova
13 Heidelberg University
14 The Salk Institute for Biological Studies
15 University of Minnesota [MN, USA]
16 Institut Pasteur de Montevideo
17 Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv]
18 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore]
19 University of Portsmouth
20 KU Leuven - Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
21 CIRB - Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie
22 Trinity College Dublin
23 BCM - Baylor College of Medicine
24 UCL - University College of London [London]
25 University of Edinburgh
26 San Raffaele Scientific Institute
27 Vollum Institute
28 National Children's Hospital
29 Columbia University [New York]
30 URMC - University of Rochester Medical Center
31 KU - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
32 Ludwig Maximilians Universitaet
33 SYNERGY, Excellence Cluster of Systems Neurology
34 Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga]
35 CIBERNED - Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas
36 Tufts University School of Medicine [Boston]
37 University of Freiburg [Freiburg]
38 Utrecht University [Utrecht]
39 VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research [Leuven, Belgium]
40 Nihon University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan]
41 MDC - Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin]
42 David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles]
43 Yamanashi University
44 IBS - Institute for Basic Science [Daejeon]
45 NYU - New York University School of Medicine
46 UBC - University of British Columbia
47 KAUST - King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
48 University of Wisconsin-Madison
49 OHSU - Oregon Health and Science University [Portland]
50 UCSF - University of California [San Francisco]
51 MUHC - McGill University Health Center [Montreal]
52 University of Kentucky
53 Kyushu University [Fukuoka]
54 U1215 Inserm - UB - Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale
55 University of Minho [Braga]
56 ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory [Braga, Portugal]
57 Polytechnic Institute of Cávado and Ave
58 UAB - University of Alabama at Birmingham [ Birmingham]
59 GU - University of Gothenburg
60 IRTOMIT - Ischémie Reperfusion en Transplantation d’Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques
61 Cajal Institute
62 King‘s College London
63 INCI - Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives
64 BWH - Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston]
65 Third Rock Ventures
66 Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf]
67 IBCh RAS - Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
68 Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
69 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich]
70 Institute for Stem Cell Research [Neuherberg]
71 Universidad de Sevilla
72 Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]
73 UTHealth - The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
74 UC San Diego School of Medicine
75 UFRGS - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre]
76 University of Ljubljana
77 UCLA - University of California [Los Angeles]
78 University of Manchester [Manchester]
79 Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science
Abstract : Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.
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Journal articles
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https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03372664
Contributor : Stephane Oliet Connect in order to contact the contributor
Submitted on : Monday, October 11, 2021 - 8:45:35 AM
Last modification on : Monday, April 11, 2022 - 11:30:11 AM

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Carole Escartin, Elena Galea, András Lakatos, James O’callaghan, Gabor Petzold, et al.. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nature Neuroscience, Nature Publishing Group, 2021, 24 (3), pp.312-325. ⟨10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4⟩. ⟨hal-03372664⟩

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