Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions
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Carole Escartin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 175511
- IdHAL : carole-escartin
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3613-4118
- IdRef : 104543213
Elena Galea
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 757300
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4537-9897
András Lakatos
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810565
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1301-2292
Gabor Petzold
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810566
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0145-8641
Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810567
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0899-7530
Andrea Volterra
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 778758
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1069-1602
- IdRef : 155044907
Alfonso Araque
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 760458
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3840-1144
Luis Barbeito
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764240
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3047-232X
Gilles Bonvento
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 175993
- IdHAL : gilles-bonvento
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2886-4228
- IdRef : 135322839
Arthur Butt
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810568
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7579-0746
Martine Cohen-Salmon
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 766927
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5312-8476
- IdRef : 23375878X
Benjamin Deneen
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810569
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6335-1081
Cinthia Farina
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810570
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Vittorio Gallo
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 782720
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2429-0845
Steven Goldman
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810571
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5498-4303
Magdalena Götz
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 758304
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1551-9203
Antonia Gutiérrez
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810572
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6264-6152
Philip Haydon
- Function : Author
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Dieter Heiland
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810574
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Elly Hol
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810575
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5604-2603
Matthew Holt
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 786245
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8958-4027
Ksenia Kastanenka
- Function : Author
Schuichi Koizumi
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810576
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6184-3106
Brian Macvicar
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 804823
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4596-4623
Anusha Mishra
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810577
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3642-5049
Anna Molofsky
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810578
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4709-2411
Seiji Okada
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 799249
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5107-8209
João Oliveira
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 764769
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Aude Panatier
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 756304
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Marcela Pekna
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810579
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Luc Pellerin
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 758341
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- IdRef : 197013147
Gertrudis Perea
- Function : Author
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Frank Pfrieger
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 740924
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- IdRef : 102417091
Kira Poskanzer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810581
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Stefanie Robel
- Function : Author
Christine Rose
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810582
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9684-3592
Jeffrey Rothstein
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 797702
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Nathalie Rouach
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 182459
- IdHAL : nathalie-rouach
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5574-888X
- IdRef : 071365648
David Rowitch
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 798251
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0079-0060
- IdRef : 229820697
Alexey Semyanov
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810583
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Swetlana Sirko
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 776876
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5950-616X
Harald Sontheimer
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810584
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5843-9871
Raymond Swanson
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 795522
- ORCID : 0000-0002-3664-5359
Robert Zorec
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 781226
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- IdRef : 136397840
Michael Sofroniew
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 810585
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6075-0178
Alexei Verkhratsky
- Function : Author
- PersonId : 781225
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2592-9898
- IdRef : 111879248
Abstract
Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters-preferably in vivo-plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions.