Procyclic trypanosomes recycle glucose catabolites and TCA cycle intermediates to stimulate growth in the presence of physiological amounts of proline

Oriana Villafraz (1) , Marc Biran (2) , Erika Pineda (1) , Nicolas Plazolles (1) , Edern Cahoreau (3, 4) , Rodolpho Ornitz Oliveira Souza (5) , Magali Thonnus (1) , Stefan Allmann (6) , Emmanuel Tetaud (1) , Loïc Rivière (1) , Ariel M Silber (5) , Michael P Barrett (7) , Alena Zíková (8) , Michael Boshart (6) , Jean-Charles Portais (3, 9) , Frédéric Bringaud (1)

1 MFP - Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité
2 CRMSB - Centre de résonance magnétique des systèmes biologiques
3 TBI - Toulouse Biotechnology Institute
4 TBI-MetaToul - MetaToul FluxoMet
5 USP - Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo
6 LMU - Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] = Ludwig Maximilians Universität München
7 University of Glasgow
8 BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS - Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice]
9 RESTORE - Geroscience and rejuvenation research center

Trypanosoma brucei, a protist responsible for human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), is transmitted by the tsetse fly where the procyclic forms of the parasite develop in the proline-rich (1–2 mM) and glucose-depleted digestive tract. Proline is essential for the midgut colonization of the parasite in the insect vector, however other carbon sources could be available and used to feed its central metabolism. Here we show that procyclic trypanosomes can consume and metabolize metabolic intermediates, including those excreted from glucose catabolism (succinate, alanine and pyruvate), with the exception of acetate, which is the ultimate end-product excreted by the parasite. Among the tested metabolites, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates (succinate, malate and α-ketoglutarate) stimulated growth of the parasite in the presence of 2 mM proline. The pathways used for their metabolism were mapped by proton-NMR metabolic profiling and phenotypic analyses of thirteen RNAi and/or null mutants affecting central carbon metabolism. We showed that (i) malate is converted to succinate by both the reducing and oxidative branches of the TCA cycle, which demonstrates that procyclic trypanosomes can use the full TCA cycle, (ii) the enormous rate of α-ketoglutarate consumption (15-times higher than glucose) is possible thanks to the balanced production and consumption of NADH at the substrate level and (iii) α-ketoglutarate is toxic for trypanosomes if not appropriately metabolized as observed for an α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase null mutant. In addition, epimastigotes produced from procyclics upon overexpression of RBP6 showed a growth defect in the presence of 2 mM proline, which is rescued by α-ketoglutarate, suggesting that physiological amounts of proline are not sufficient per se for the development of trypanosomes in the fly. In conclusion, these data show that trypanosomes can metabolize multiple metabolites, in addition to proline, which allows them to confront challenging environments in the fly.

Domaines: Parasitologie; Protistologie

Oriana Villafraz, Marc Biran, Erika Pineda, Nicolas Plazolles, Edern Cahoreau, et al.. Procyclic trypanosomes recycle glucose catabolites and TCA cycle intermediates to stimulate growth in the presence of physiological amounts of proline. PLoS Pathogens, 2021, 17 (3), pp.e1009204. ⟨10.1371/journal.ppat.1009204⟩. ⟨hal-03366686⟩