C. Carareto, Tropical Africa as a cradle for horizontal transfers of transposable elements between species of the genera Drosophila and Zaprionus, Mob Genet Elements, vol.1, pp.179-86, 2011.

E. Loreto, C. Carareto, and P. Capy, Revisiting horizontal transfer of transposable elements in Drosophila, Heredity (Edinb), vol.100, pp.545-54, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00266777

S. Schaack, C. Gilbert, and C. Feschotte, Promiscuous DNA: horizontal transfer of transposable elements and why it matters for eukaryotic evolution, Trends Ecol Evol, vol.25, pp.537-583, 2010.

D. L. Hartl, A. R. Lohe, and E. R. Lozovskaya, Modern thoughts on an ancyent marinere: function, evolution, regulation, Annu Rev Genet, vol.31, pp.337-358, 1997.

S. B. Daniels, L. D. Strausbaugh, L. Ehrman, and R. Armstrong, Sequences homologous to P elements occur in Drosophila paulistorum, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.81, pp.6794-6801, 1984.

S. B. Daniels, K. R. Peterson, L. D. Strausbaugh, M. G. Kidwell, and A. Chovnick, Evidence for horizontal transmission of the P transposable element between Drosophila species, Genetics Society of America, vol.124, pp.339-55, 1990.

B. R. Dotto, E. L. Carvalho, A. F. Silva, D. Silva, L. F. Pinto et al., Horizontally transferred transposable elements database: Fig. 1, vol.31, pp.2915-2922, 2015.

, HTTDB -Horizontally transferred transposable elements database

M. C. Simão, A. Haudry, A. Granzotto, N. Setta, and . Cma-c, Helena and BS: two travellers between the genera Drosophila and Zaprionus, Genome Biol Evol, vol.10, pp.2671-85, 2018.

D. Reiss, G. Mialdea, V. Miele, D. M. De-vienne, J. Peccoud et al., Global survey of mobile DNA horizontal transfer in arthropods reveals Lepidoptera as a prime hotspot, PLOS Genet, vol.15, p.1007965, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02140494

A. F. Priimägi, L. J. Mizrokhi, and Y. V. Ilyin, The Drosophila mobile element jockey belongs to LINEs and contains coding sequences homologous to some retroviral proteins, Gene, vol.70, pp.253-62, 1988.

J. S. Kaminker, C. M. Bergman, B. Kronmiller, J. Carlson, R. Svirskas et al., The transposable elements of the Drosophila melanogaster euchromatin: a genomics perspective, Genome Biol, 2002.

C. J. Metcalfe and D. Casane, Modular organization and reticulate evolution of the ORF1 of Jockey superfamily transposable elements, BioMed Central, vol.5, p.19, 2014.

D. D. Luan, M. H. Korman, J. L. Jakubczak, and T. H. Eickbush, Reverse transcription of R2Bm RNA is primed by a nick at the chromosomal target site: A mechanism for non-LTR retrotransposition, Cell, vol.72, pp.595-605, 1993.

T. Wicker, F. Sabot, A. Hua-van, J. L. Bennetzen, P. Capy et al., A unified classification system for eukaryotic transposable elements, Nat Rev Genet, vol.8, pp.973-82, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00169819

R. , , 2019.

W. Bao, K. K. Kojima, and O. Kohany, Repbase Update, a database of repetitive elements in eukaryotic genomes, Mob DNA, vol.6, p.11, 2015.

G. L. Wallau, P. Capy, E. Loreto, L. Rouzic, A. Hua-van et al., VHICA, a New Method to Discriminate between Vertical and Horizontal Transposon Transfer: Application to the Mariner Family within Drosophila, Mol Biol Evol, vol.33, pp.1094-109, 2016.

A. R. Lohe, E. N. Moriyama, D. A. Lidholm, and D. L. Hartl, Horizontal transmission, vertical inactivation, and stochastic loss of mariner-like transposable elements, Mol Biol Evol, vol.12, pp.62-72, 1995.

A. Yassin, L. O. Araripe, P. Capy, J. Da-lage, L. B. Klaczko et al., Grafting the molecular phylogenetic tree with morphological branches to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus Zaprionus (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Mol Phylogenet Evol, vol.47, pp.903-918, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00320657

T. A. Markow, O. Grady, and P. M. , A guide to species identification and use, Entomol Ber. Elsevier, vol.66, pp.157-58, 2006.

D. Grimaldi, A phylogenetic, revised classification of genera in the Drosophilidae (Diptera), Bull. Am. Museum Nat. Hist, vol.197, p.139, 1990.

G. L. Wallau, C. Vieira, and . Éls-l, Genetic exchange in eukaryotes through horizontal transfer: connected by the mobilome, BioMed Central, vol.9, p.6, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01965038

E. Berezikov, A. Bucheton, and I. Busseau, A search for reverse transcriptase-coding sequences reveals new non-LTR retrotransposons in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster, RESEARCH0012 Available from, vol.1, 2000.

A. Kopp and J. R. True, Phylogeny of the Oriental Drosophila melanogaster Species Group: A Multilocus Reconstruction, Syst Biol, vol.51, pp.786-805, 2002.

D. Lachaise, M. Cariou, J. R. David, F. Lemeunier, L. Tsacas et al., Historical Biogeography of the Drosophila melanogaster Species Subgroup

, Evol Biol, pp.159-225, 1988.

D. Lachaise and J. Silvain, How two Afrotropical endemics made two cosmopolitan human commensals: the Drosophila melanogaster-D. simulans palaeogeographic riddle, Genetica, vol.120, pp.17-39, 2004.

P. S. Jeffs, E. C. Holmes, and M. Ashburner, The molecular evolution of the alcohol dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase-related genes in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup, Mol Biol Evol, vol.11, pp.287-304, 1994.

M. Ashburner, M. Bodmer, and F. Lemeunier, On the Evolutionary relationships of Drosophila-melanogaster, Dev Genet, vol.4, pp.295-312, 1984.

V. Schawaroch, Phylogeny of a paradigm lineage: the Drosophila melanogaster species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Biol J Linn Soc, vol.76, pp.21-37, 2002.

P. M. O'grady and R. Desalle, Phylogeny of the Genus Drosophila. Genetics, vol.209, pp.1-25, 2018.

X. Wang and X. Liu, Close ecological relationship among species facilitated horizontal transfer of retrotransposons, BioMed Central. Available from, vol.16, p.201, 2016.

C. Russo, N. Takezaki, and M. Nei, Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of drosophilid species, Mol Biol Evol, 1995.

J. H. Degnan and N. A. Rosenberg, Gene tree discordance, phylogenetic inference and the multispecies coalescent, Trends Ecol Evol, vol.24, pp.332-372, 2009.

J. H. Degnan and L. A. Salter, Gene tree distributions under the coalescent process, Evolution, vol.59, pp.24-37, 2005.

A. Hobolth, J. Y. Dutheil, J. Hawks, M. H. Schierup, and T. Mailund, Incomplete lineage sorting patterns among human, chimpanzee, and orangutan suggest recent orangutan speciation and widespread selection, Genome Res, vol.21, pp.349-56, 2011.

D. A. Pollard, V. N. Iyer, A. M. Moses, and M. B. Eisen, Widespread Discordance of Gene Trees with Species Tree in Drosophila: Evidence for Incomplete Lineage Sorting, PLoS Genet, vol.2, 2006.

D. A. Grimaldi, Amber fossil Drosophilidae (Diptera), with particular reference to the Hispaniolan taxa, Am Museum Novit. 1987:1-23 Available from

K. Tamura, S. Subramanian, and S. Kumar, Temporal Patterns of Fruit Fly (Drosophila) Evolution Revealed by Mutation Clocks, Mol Biol Evol, vol.21, pp.36-44, 2003.

D. J. Obbard, J. Maclennan, K. Kim, A. Rambaut, P. M. O'grady et al., Estimating Divergence Dates and Substitution Rates in the Drosophila Phylogeny, Mol Biol Evol, vol.29, pp.3459-73, 2012.

C. Russo, B. Mello, A. Frazão, and C. M. Voloch, Phylogenetic analysis and a time tree for a large drosophilid data set (Diptera: Drosophilidae), Zool J Linn Soc, vol.169, pp.765-775, 2013.

N. De-setta, V. Sluys, M. Capy, P. Carareto, and C. M. , Multiple invasions of Gypsy and Micropia retroelements in genus Zaprionus and melanogaster subgroup of the genus Drosophila, BioMed Central. Cited, vol.9, p.279, 2009.

N. De-setta, V. Sluys, M. Capy, P. Carareto, and C. , Copia Retrotransposon in the Zaprionus Genus: Another Case of Transposable Element Sharing with the Drosophila melanogaster Subgroup, J Mol Evol, vol.72, pp.326-364, 2011.

J. C. Silva, E. L. Loreto, and J. B. Clark, Factors that affect the horizontal transfer of transposable elements, Curr Issues Mol Biol, vol.6, pp.57-71, 2004.

C. Bartolomé, X. Bello, and X. Maside, Widespread evidence for horizontal transfer of transposable elements across Drosophila genomes, R22 Available from, vol.10, 2009.

M. El-baidouri, M. Carpentier, R. Cooke, D. Gao, E. Lasserre et al., Widespread and frequent horizontal transfers of transposable elements in plants, Genome Res, vol.24, pp.831-839, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01218140

J. Peccoud, V. Loiseau, R. Cordaux, and C. Gilbert, Massive horizontal transfer of transposable elements in insects, National Academy of Sciences, vol.114, pp.4721-4727, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01513704

C. Gilbert and C. Feschotte, Horizontal acquisition of transposable elements and viral sequences: patterns and consequences, Curr Opin Genet Dev, vol.49, pp.15-24, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02341017

B. Longdon, J. D. Hadfield, C. L. Webster, D. J. Obbard, and F. M. Jiggins, Host Phylogeny Determines Viral Persistence and Replication in Novel Hosts

L. Nunney, The colonization of oranges by the cosmopolitan Drosophila, Oecologia, vol.108, pp.552-61, 1996.

P. Banerjee and B. N. Singh, The Drosophila bipectinata species complex: phylogenetic relationship among different members based on chromosomal variations, J Genet, vol.96, pp.97-107, 2017.

A. Cini, C. Ioriatti, and G. Anfora, A review of the invasion of Drosophila suzukii in Europe and a draft research agenda for integrated pest management, Bull Insectology, vol.65, pp.149-60, 2012.

K. Isobe, A. Takahashi, and K. Tamura, Cold tolerance and metabolic rate increased by cold acclimation in Drosophila albomicans from natural populations

, Genes Genet Syst, vol.88, pp.289-300, 2013.

C. Gilbert, S. Schaack, J. K. Pace, P. J. Brindley, and C. Feschotte, A role for hostparasite interactions in the horizontal transfer of transposons across phyla, Nature, vol.464, pp.1347-50, 2010.

J. Peccoud, R. Cordaux, and C. Gilbert, Analyzing Horizontal Transfer of Transposable Elements on a Large Scale: Challenges and Prospects
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01696095

, BioEssays, vol.1700177, p.1700177, 2017.

D. Consortium and G. , Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny, Nature, vol.450, pp.203-221, 2007.

M. Bailly-bechet, A. Haudry, and E. Lerat, One code to find them all": A perl tool to conveniently parse RepeatMasker output files, Mob DNA, vol.5, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01332104

, NCBI Conserved Domain Search. Available from, 2019.

K. Katoh, K. Misawa, K. Kuma, and T. Miyata, MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.30, pp.3059-66, 2002.

S. Capella-gutierrez, J. M. Silla-martinez, and T. Gabaldon, trimAl: a tool for automated alignment trimming in large-scale phylogenetic analyses

, Bioinformatics, vol.25, pp.1972-1975, 2009.

A. J. Drummond, M. A. Suchard, D. Xie, and A. Rambaut, Bayesian Phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7, Mol Biol Evol, vol.29, pp.1969-73, 2012.

P. M. Sharp and W. H. Li, On the rate of DNA sequence evolution in Drosophila, J Mol Evol, vol.28, pp.398-402, 1989.

S. Kumar, G. Stecher, and K. Tamura, MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets, Mol Biol Evol, vol.33, pp.1870-1874, 2016.

K. J. Hoff and M. Stanke, Predicting Genes in Single Genomes with AUGUSTUS, Curr Protoc Bioinforma, vol.65, 2018.

, Publisher's Note

, Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations